The Advance of Regionalism Theory: Regional Cooperation in the Context of Old and New Regionalism Comparison Perkembangan Teorisasi Regionalisme : Kerjasama Regional Dalam Konteks Komparasi Regionalisme Lama dan Baru
Keywords:
Region, Regionalism, Old Regionalism, New Regionalism, Regional Cooperation, IMT-GTAbstract
Abstract This research explores how regionalism theories explain regional cooperation and integration become essential elements in the changing of regionalism model. These theories clearly conceptualized that regionalism was driven by decision making process independently by regional actors as a response to various factors from in or beyond region. The end of Cold War dan the rising of globalization were the ultimate factors of the existing of new regionalism theory that sooner become comparison element in discourses between old and new regionalism. This research early statement was regional cooperation and regionalism former theories have bias by imposing state as the main driven of regionalism and focus on formal institutional establishment process in regional level. This research implies regionalism theory both old and new regionalism in comparing the advance of these theories. Qualitative method applies in this research. The data was collected by doing interview and collecting information from journals, books, and reports. This research shows that globalization ensures states to do regional cooperations which outward looking oriented or embedded export, short period in making working papers and has complementary among states. This kind of regional cooperation was named by Growth Triangle (GT). Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) was become part of new regionalism model that was analyzed in this research. Keywords: Region, Regionalism, Old Regionalism, New Regionalism, Regional Cooperation, IMT-GT Abstrak Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana teori-teori regionalisme menjelaskan kerjasama dan integrasi regional yang menjadi dasar perubahan dalam model regionalisme. Teori-teori ini secara eksplisit mengkonsepkan regionalisme sebagai sesuatu yang digerakkan oleh pembuatan keputusan yang independen dari aktor-aktor regional sebagai respon terhadap faktor-faktor penyebab yang berasal dalam maupun luar kawasan. Berakhirnya Dingin dan kemunculan globalisasi menjadi faktor penentu dari hadirnya teori regionalism baru yang menjadi elemen pembanding dalam diskursus komparasi antara regionalisme lama dan regionalisme baru. Tulisan ini mengawalinya dengan berpendapat bahwa teori-teori awal dari kerjasama regional dan integrasi memiliki bias dengan menempatkan negara sebagai penggerak utama dari regionalisme dan memfokuskan pada proses-proses pembentukan institusi formal pada level regional. Tulisan ini menerapkan kerangka pemikiran dari teori regionalisme baik regionalisme lama maupun regionalisme baru yang menjadi dasar acuan dalam membandingkan perkembangan teori regionalisme ini. Metode kualitatif menjadi pilihan metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan sekaligus wawancara dengan mengumpulkan data dan dokumen dari jurnal, buku, dokumen rapat, serta bertanya langsung kepada informan penelitian. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa globalisasi memudahkan banyak negara melakukan kerja sama regional yang berorientasi pada ekspor, tidak memakan waktu lama dalam pembuatan kesepakatan perjanjian kerja sama, dan memiliki komplementaritas yang saling menguntungkan yang dikenal dengan Growth Triangle (GT). Indonesia Malaysia Thailand- Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) menjadi bagian dari regionalisme baru yang dipaparkan dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Kawasan, Regionalisme, Regionalisme Lama, Regionalisme Baru, Kerja Sama Regional, IMT-GTReferences
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