STRUKTUR, BIOAKTIVITAS DAN ANTIOKSIDAN FLAVONOID
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v6i1.313Keywords:
flavonoid, bioaktifitas, antioksidan, metilasi, isolasi flavonoidAbstract
Di antara produk-produk alami, flavonoid adalah yang sangat menarik untuk dipelajari dan merupakan salah satu senyawa yang menjanjikan untuk mengobati kanker, antioksidan, bakteri patogen, radang, disfungsi kardio-vaskular, dan lain-lain. Kemampuan dan bioaaktiftas terutama antioksidan dari flavonoid telah dipelajari, dalam hal ini ditunjukkan bahwa metilasi flavonoid dapat meningkatkan peranan flavonoid dalam bidang obat-obatan. Metilasi dari flavonoid melalui kelompok hidroksil bebasnya atau atom C yang dapat meningkatkan stabilitas metaboliknya dan meningkatkan transportasi membran. Review ini menjelaskan struktur dasar dan klasifikasi flavonoid, dan isolasi dan bioaktiftas dari flavonoid yang khususnya dalam peranannya sebagai antioksidan. Mekanisme flavonoid sebagai antioksidan secara kimia dan tahapannya juga dipelajari.
References
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Gao. L., Li, C., Yang, R.Y. (2015). Ameliorative Effects Of Baicalein in MPTP-induced Mouse Model Of Parkinson’s Disease A Microarray Study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav,133, 155–163.
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Marzouk, M.M. (2016). Flavonoid Constituents And Cytotoxic Activity Of Erucaria Hispanica (L.) Druce Growing Wild In Egypt. Arabian Journal Of Chemistry, 9, 411–415
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sativa L.), Plant Science, 155, 213–21.
Shibata, C., Ohno, M., Otsuka, M. (2014). The ?avonoid Apigenin Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication By Decreasing Mature Microrna122 Levels. Virology, 14, 462–463.
Szkudelska, K., Nogowski, L.V. (2007). Genistein-A Dietary Compound Inducing Hormonal And Metabolic Changes, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 105, 37–45.
Tamogami, S., Kodama, O. (2000). Coronatine Elicits Phytoalexin Production In Rice Leaves (Oryza sativa L.) In The Same Manner As Jasmonic Acid, Phytochemistry. 54, 689–94.
Tuchinda, P., Reutrakul, V., Claeson, P., Pongprayoon,U., Sematong, T., Santisuk. (2012)Anti-Inflammatory Cyclohexenyl Chalcone Derivatives In Boesenbergia pandurata., Phytochemistry. 59, 169–173.
Vanessa, M. Munhoza, R. L., José R.P., João, A.C., Zequic, E., Leite, M., Gisely, C., Lopesa, J.P., Melloa. (2014). Extraction Of Flavonoids From Tagetes Patula: Process Optimization And Screening For Biological Activity. Rev Bras Farmacogn, 24, 576-583
Van Acker, S.A, Tromp, M.N., Haenen, G.R., Van der Vijgh, W.J., Bast, A. (1995). Flavonoids as Scavengers Of Nitric Oxide Radical. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 214, 755–759.
Yeh, S.L., Wang, W.Y. Huang, C.H., Hu, M.L. (2005). Pro-oxidative Effect Of ßcarotene And The Interaction With ?avonoids On UVA-induced DNA Strand Breaks In Mouse ?broblast C3H10T1/2 Cells. J Nutr Biochem, 16, 729–735.
Walle, T. (2007). Methylation Of Dietary Flavones Greatly Improves Their Hepatic Metabolic Stability
And Intestinal Absorption, Molecular Pharmaceutics. 4, 826–832.
Thuan, N.H., Pandey, R.P., Thuy,T.T., Park, J.W., Sohng, J.K. (2013). Improvement Of Regiospecific
Production Of Myricetin-3-O-A-L-Rhamnoside In Engineered Escherichia coli. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 171, 1956–1967
Tian-yang., Wang., Qing Li., Kai-shun Bi. (2018). Bioactive ?avonoids In Medicinal Plants: Structure, Activity And Biological Fateasian. Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13, 12–23
Zhang, X., Hung, T.M., Phuong, P.T., Ngoc, T.M., Min, B.S., Song, K.S. (2006). Anti- Inflammatory Activity Of Flavonoids From Populus davidiana., Archives of Pharmacal Research. 29, 1102–1108.
Cornwell, T., Cohick, W., Raskin, I. (2004). Dietary Phytoestrogens And Health. Phytochemistry. 65 , 995–1016
Cos, P., Ying, L., Calomme, M., Hu, J.P., Cimanga, K., Van Poel B. (1998). Structure–Activity Relationship And Classi?cation Of ?avonoids As Inhibitors Of Xantine Oxidase And Superoxide Scavengers. J Nat Prod, 61, 71–76
Ferrali, M., Signorini, C., Caciotti, B., Sugherini, L., Ciccoli, L., Giachetti, D. (1997). Protection Against Oxidative Damage Of Erythrocyte Membranes By The ?avonoid Quercetin And Its Relation To Iron Chelating Activity. FEBS Lett, 416,123–129.
Frei, B., Higdon, J.V. (2003). Antioxidant Activity Of Tea Polyphenols In Vivo: Evidence From Animal Studies. J Nutr, 133, 3275–3284.
Gao. L., Li, C., Yang, R.Y. (2015). Ameliorative Effects Of Baicalein in MPTP-induced Mouse Model Of Parkinson’s Disease A Microarray Study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav,133, 155–163.
Gantt, R.W., Peltier-Pain, P., Thorson, J.S. (2011). Enzymatic Methods For Glyco (Diversification/Randomization) Of Drugs And Small Molecules. Natural Product Reports. 28, 1811–1853.
Heim, K.E., Tagliaferro, A.R., Bobilya, D.J. (2012). Flavonoid Antioxidants: Chemistry, Metabolism And Structure–Activity Relationships. J Nutr Biochem,13, 572–584.
Hirano, R., Sasamoto, W., Matsumoto, A., Itakura, H., Igarashi, O., Kondo, K. (2001). Antioxidant Ability of Various Flavonoids Against DPPH Radicals and LDL Oxidation. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 47, 357–362.
Hui Cao, Xiaoqing Chen, Amir, R. J., Jianbo, Xiao. (2015). Microbial biotransformation of bioactive ?avonoids. 33, (1), 214-223
Jovanovic, S.V., Steenken, S., Simic, M.G. (1996). Reduction Potentials Of ?avonoid And Model Peroxyl Radicals. Which Ring In ?avonoids Is Responsible For Antioxidant Activity? J Chem Soc Perkins Trans, 2497–2503.
Korkina, L.G., Afanas'ev. I.B. (1997). Antioxidant And Chelating Properties Of Flavonoids. Adv Pharmacol, 38, 15163.
Koirala, N., Pandey, R.P., Parajuli, P., Jung, H.J., Sohng, J.K. (2014). Methylation And Subsequent Glycosylation of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Journal of Biotechnology. 184, 128–37.
Lotito, S.B., Frei, B. (2016). Consumption Of ?avonoid-Rich Foods And Increased Plasma Antioxidant Capacity In Humans: Cause, Consequence, Or Epiphenomenon? Free Radic Biol Med, 41, 727–746.
Lungkaphin, A., Pongchaidecha, A., Palee, S., Arjinajarn, P., Pompimon, W., Chattipakorn, N. (2015). Pinocembrin Reduces Cardiac Arrhythmia And Infarct Size In Rats Subjected To Acute Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion., Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolis, 40, 1031–1037.
Marzouk, M.M. (2016). Flavonoid Constituents And Cytotoxic Activity Of Erucaria Hispanica (L.) Druce Growing Wild In Egypt. Arabian Journal Of Chemistry, 9, 411–415
Nicolas, V., Thomas, P., Rodnay, S., Eric, G., Elanie, M.R. (2017). Antifungal Activities Of Wood Extractives. Fungal Biology Reviews, 3, 113-123
Nijveldt, R.J., Van, N. E., Van, Hoorn DEC., Boelens, P.G., Van Norren, K., Van Leeuwen PAM. (2001). Flavonoids: A Review Of Probable Mechanisms Of Action And Potential Applications. Am J Clin Nutr, 74, 418–25.
Orjala, J., Wright, A.D., Behrends, H., Folkers, G., Sticher, O., Rüegger, H. (1994). Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Dihydrochalcones From Piper aduncum., Journal of Natural Products. 57, 18–26.
Pietta, P.G. (2000). Flavonoids As Antioxidants. J Nat Prod, 63, 1035–42
Procházková, I., Boušová, N., Wilhelmová. (2011). Antioxidant And Prooxidant Properties Of ?avonoids, Fitoterapia, 82, 513–523
Qinghu, W., Jinmei, J., Nayintai, D., Narenchaoketu, H., Jingjing, H., Baiyinmuqier, B. (2016). Anti-In?ammatory Effects, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Identi?cation And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Isolation Of The Total ?avonoids From Artemisia Frigida, Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis, 24, 385-391
Rakwal, R., Agrawal, G.K., Yonekura, M., and Kodama, O. (2000). Naringenin 7-O-Methyltransferase
Involved In The Of The Flavanone Phytoalexin Sakuranetin From Rice (Oryza
sativa L.), Plant Science, 155, 213–21.
Shibata, C., Ohno, M., Otsuka, M. (2014). The ?avonoid Apigenin Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication By Decreasing Mature Microrna122 Levels. Virology, 14, 462–463.
Szkudelska, K., Nogowski, L.V. (2007). Genistein-A Dietary Compound Inducing Hormonal And Metabolic Changes, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 105, 37–45.
Tamogami, S., Kodama, O. (2000). Coronatine Elicits Phytoalexin Production In Rice Leaves (Oryza sativa L.) In The Same Manner As Jasmonic Acid, Phytochemistry. 54, 689–94.
Tuchinda, P., Reutrakul, V., Claeson, P., Pongprayoon,U., Sematong, T., Santisuk. (2012)Anti-Inflammatory Cyclohexenyl Chalcone Derivatives In Boesenbergia pandurata., Phytochemistry. 59, 169–173.
Vanessa, M. Munhoza, R. L., José R.P., João, A.C., Zequic, E., Leite, M., Gisely, C., Lopesa, J.P., Melloa. (2014). Extraction Of Flavonoids From Tagetes Patula: Process Optimization And Screening For Biological Activity. Rev Bras Farmacogn, 24, 576-583
Van Acker, S.A, Tromp, M.N., Haenen, G.R., Van der Vijgh, W.J., Bast, A. (1995). Flavonoids as Scavengers Of Nitric Oxide Radical. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 214, 755–759.
Yeh, S.L., Wang, W.Y. Huang, C.H., Hu, M.L. (2005). Pro-oxidative Effect Of ßcarotene And The Interaction With ?avonoids On UVA-induced DNA Strand Breaks In Mouse ?broblast C3H10T1/2 Cells. J Nutr Biochem, 16, 729–735.
Walle, T. (2007). Methylation Of Dietary Flavones Greatly Improves Their Hepatic Metabolic Stability
And Intestinal Absorption, Molecular Pharmaceutics. 4, 826–832.
Thuan, N.H., Pandey, R.P., Thuy,T.T., Park, J.W., Sohng, J.K. (2013). Improvement Of Regiospecific
Production Of Myricetin-3-O-A-L-Rhamnoside In Engineered Escherichia coli. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 171, 1956–1967
Tian-yang., Wang., Qing Li., Kai-shun Bi. (2018). Bioactive ?avonoids In Medicinal Plants: Structure, Activity And Biological Fateasian. Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13, 12–23
Zhang, X., Hung, T.M., Phuong, P.T., Ngoc, T.M., Min, B.S., Song, K.S. (2006). Anti- Inflammatory Activity Of Flavonoids From Populus davidiana., Archives of Pharmacal Research. 29, 1102–1108.
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