MODIFIKASI TEORITIK STRUKTUR JEMBATAN π ZAT WARNA TIPE D-π-A SEBAGAI SENSITIZER PADA SEL SURYA BERBASIS FENOL
Abstract
Salah satu jenis teknologi berbasis sel surya ialah Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Pada penelitian terkait DSSC zat warna menjadi topik paling banyak diteliti karena dengan memodifikasi struktur dari zat warna maka akan dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan efisiensi dari DSSC. Zat warna organik merupakan sensitizer (pemeka cahaya) yang sangat cocok digunakan untuk perangkat DSSC karena ramah lingkungan, berlimpah dan minim biaya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan fenol sebagai basis dan memvariasikan jembatan π dari molekul zat warna tipe D-π-A (Donor – Jembatan π – Akseptor). Jembatan π yang digunakan diantaranya butadiena, heksatriena, antrasena, fenantrena, bifuran dan bithiopen yang disimbolkan dengan Fπ1, Fπ2, Fπ3, Fπ4, Fπ5 dan Fπ6. Penelitian ini menggunakan Gaussian 16W sebagai program utama, Density Functional Theory (DFT) dan Time Dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) merupakan metode perhitungan dengan basis B3LYP/6-31G. Dalam menentukan efisiensi dari molekul zat warna sebagai sensitizer pada perangkat DSSC maka parameter perhitungan yang digunakan ialah serapan panjang gelombang maksimum (λmaks), nilai bandgap, energi eksitasi, ∆Ginj, ∆Greg, momen dipol, oscillator strength (f), tegangan (VOC), dan nilai Light Harvesting Efficiency (LHE). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, zat warna Fπ6 dengan variasi jembatan π bithiopen merupakan zat warna terbaik untuk dijadikan sebagai sensitizer dengan nilai bandgap 2,77 eV dan λ sebesar 456,96 nm menunjukkan zat warna mampu menyerap energi sinar tampak dari cahaya matahari. Sedangkan nilai momen dipol 9,78 D, energi eksitasi 2,71 eV, ΔGinj -1,39 eV, ΔGreg 0,52 eV, dan nilai VOC 1,44 eV menunjukkan semakin mudahnya proses transfer elektron pada zat warna dan dari zat warna ke perangkat DSSC.
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