MEKANISME TOKSISITAS DAN DETOKSIFIKASI MIKROPLASTIK PADA MIKROALGA: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31629/marinade.v8i2.7861Keywords:
detoksifikasi, ekotoksikologi, fisiologi, mikroalga, mikroplastikAbstract
Partikel mikroplastik memiliki kemungkinan yang besar untuk berinteraksi dengan komunitas mikroalga, kelompok produsen primer utama di perairan, dan kemudian mengganggu keseimbangan ekologi serta memberikan resiko pada kesehatan manusia melalui mekanisme biomagnifikasi dan bioakumulasi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak fisiologi dari paparan mikroplastik pada mikroalga secara komprehensif serta mekanisme detoksifikasinya melalui studi yang telah dipublikasi. Studi literatur dilakukan dengan menelusuri artikel ilmiah pada basis data terindeks baik nasional maupun internasional. Artikel yang disertakan merupakan publikasi yang terbit maksimal 10 tahun terakhir (2014–2024) dan melaporkan data eksperimental mengenai paparan mikroplastik pada mikroalga air tawar maupun laut. Hasil studi literature dari penelitian – penelitian terdahulu yang terpublikasi di jurnal nasional dan internasional menunjukan bahwa secara fisiologi terlihat dari terhambatnya pertumbuhan sel, terganggunya proses fotosintesis, meningkatnya konsentrasi reactive oxygen species (ROS) beserta aktivitas anzim antioksidan yang terlibat dan peroksidasi membrane sel. Sel mikroalga dapat melakukan beberapa mekanisme dalam mempertahankan sel yaitu dengan sekresi polisakarida eksternal (EPS), pembentukan vakuola, homo-aggregasi dan hetero-aggregasi, serta detoksifikasi secara biokimia. Informasi mengenai dampak – dampak tersebut dibutuhkan sebagai upaya penanganan dan antisipasi pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan.
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