Transforming Governance to Implementation Foreign Loan-Funded Activities in BMKG for Good Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31629/jgbr.v2i3.8002Keywords:
Agile Governance, Public Procurement, Policy implementationAbstract
Indonesia’s archipelagic geography makes maritime transport, fisheries, offshore works, and coastal livelihoods highly exposed to rapidly changing hydro-meteorological hazards, so marine meteorological services function as critical decision infrastructure rather than merely forecast products. This study examines the governance-to-implementation gap in BMKG’s Marine Meteorological System Phase II (MMS-2), a technology-intensive modernization program financed by an AFD external loan (€63.7 million) that experienced an extreme implementation lag of around 4.5–5 years, delaying service benefits and increasing fiscal exposure. Using a qualitative single-case design, the research relies on documentary evidence (planning/design artefacts, implementation records, and legal–procedural frameworks) to reconstruct the end-to-end implementation timeline, identify decision choke points, map causal chains through Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and derive improvement options via the SOAR framework integrated with top-down/bottom-up implementation logics. Findings show the dominant bottleneck was low governance throughput slow, uncertain decision-making that stalled procurement and delivery driven by mutually reinforcing factors: early planning immaturity, regulatory deadlock between national procurement requirements (including TKDN/local content) and lender No Objection procedures, and legal shifts linked to the CFA amendment. Although acceleration emerged after the first drawdown (March 2025), persistent risks remained in fiscal data accountability and late-stage integration under a compressed catch-up corridor to 2028. The study concludes that a two-track “Agile Governance” strategy permanent cross-agency steering plus an autonomous joint task force with harmonized technical–procedural guidance and strengthened data integrity can accelerate delivery while preserving transparency and auditability.
Downloads
References
Breunung, T., & Balachandran, B. (2023). Data-driven, high resolution ocean wave forecasting and extreme wave predictions. Ocean Engineering, 268, 113271. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2022.113271
Brunet, M. (2019). Governance-as-practice for major public infrastructure projects: A case of multilevel project governing. International Journal of Project Management, 37(2), 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2018.02.007
Chen, Y., Zhang, C., Guo, Y., Wang, Y., Lang, X., Zhang, M., & Mao, W. (2025). State-of-the-art optimization algorithms in weather routing ship decision support systems: challenge, taxonomy, and review. Ocean Engineering, 331, 121198. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2025.121198
Chikuni, A., Kumambala, P. G., Chasukwa, M., & Chinsinga, B. (2025). Are Steering Committees the Governance Fix in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) Infrastructure Projects? Scientific African, e03152. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIAF.2025.E03152
Deswandri, He, Y., Dewi, D., Weiwei, Q., Taryo, T., Jun, S., Yuliang, S., Santoso, S., & Bakhri, S. (2022). Mapping of the potential involvement of national companies to fulfilment of local content requirements in HTGR construction projects in Indonesia. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 398, 111960. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NUCENGDES.2022.111960
Fakhruddin, B., Clark, H., Robinson, L., & Hieber-Girardet, L. (2020). Should I stay or should I go now? Why risk communication is the critical component in disaster risk reduction. Progress in Disaster Science, 8, 100139. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PDISAS.2020.100139
Fussell, J. B. (1975). A Review of Fault Tree Analysis with Emphasis on Limitations. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 8(1), 552–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)67596-7
Gonçalves, M., & Guedes Soares, C. (2022). Local assimilation of wave model predictions for weather routing systems. Ocean Engineering, 266, 113126. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2022.113126
Grifoll, M., Borén, C., & Castells-Sanabra, M. (2022). A comprehensive ship weather routing system using CMEMS products and A* algorithm. Ocean Engineering, 255, 111427. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2022.111427
Ha, Y. H., & Kumar, S. S. (2021). Investigating decentralized renewable energy systems under different governance approaches in Nepal and Indonesia: How does governance fail? Energy Research & Social Science, 80, 102214. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ERSS.2021.102214
Halimatussadiah, A., Kruger, W., Wagner, F., Afifi, F. A. R., Lufti, R. E. G., & Kitzing, L. (2024). The country of perpetual potential: Why is it so difficult to procure renewable energy in Indonesia? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 201, 114627. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2024.114627
Islam, M. M., Hasan, M., Mia, M. S., Al Masud, A., & Islam, A. R. M. T. (2025). Early warning systems in climate risk management: Roles and implementations in eradicating barriers and overcoming challenges. Natural Hazards Research, 5(3), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NHRES.2025.01.007
Issa, A., Bdair, R., & Abu-Eisheh, S. (2022). Assessment of compliance to planned cost and time for implemented municipal roads projects in Palestine. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(2), 101578. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASEJ.2021.09.005
Kabir, S. (2017). An overview of fault tree analysis and its application in model based dependability analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 77, 114–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESWA.2017.01.058
Kayesa, N. K., & Shung-King, M. (2021). The role of document analysis in health policy analysis studies in low and middle-income countries: Lessons for HPA researchers from a qualitative systematic review. Health Policy OPEN, 2, 100024. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HPOPEN.2020.100024
Kieslich, M., & Salles, J. M. (2021). Implementation context and science-policy interfaces: Implications for the economic valuation of ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 179, 106857. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2020.106857
Majumder, A., Losito, M., Paramasivam, S., Kumar, A., & Gatto, G. (2024). Buoys for marine weather data monitoring and LoRaWAN communication. Ocean Engineering, 313, 119521. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2024.119521
Mergel, I., Gong, Y., & Bertot, J. (2018). Agile government: Systematic literature review and future research. Government Information Quarterly, 35(2), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2018.04.003
Musawir, A. ul, Abd-Karim, S. B., & Mohd-Danuri, M. S. (2020). Project governance and its role in enabling organizational strategy implementation: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Project Management, 38(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2019.09.007
Musawir, A. ul, Serra, C. E. M., Zwikael, O., & Ali, I. (2017). Project governance, benefit management, and project success: Towards a framework for supporting organizational strategy implementation. International Journal of Project Management, 35(8), 1658–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2017.07.007
Puri, A., Ameer Ali, N., & Elkharboutly, M. (2025). Contracting challenges in post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries: Evidence from Nepal reconstruction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 121, 105428. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJDRR.2025.105428
Ruijters, E., & Stoelinga, M. (2015). Fault tree analysis: A survey of the state-of-the-art in modeling, analysis and tools. Computer Science Review, 15–16, 29–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COSREV.2015.03.001
Serra, C. E. M., & Kunc, M. (2015). Benefits Realisation Management and its influence on project success and on the execution of business strategies. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2014.03.011
Siegner, M., Hagerman, S., & Kozak, R. (2018). Going deeper with documents: A systematic review of the application of extant texts in social research on forests. Forest Policy and Economics, 92, 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FORPOL.2018.05.001
Tai, K. T., & Awasthi, P. (2025). An exploration of agile government in the public sector: A systematic literature review at macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis. Government Information Quarterly, 42(4), 102082. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2025.102082
Tsani, S., Chitou, C., & Overland, I. (2024). Local content policies: Knowledge stock and future directions for research and policy making in view of the sustainability agenda. Environmental Science & Policy, 162, 103919. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2024.103919
Wang, D., & Ap, J. (2013). Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China. Tourism Management, 36, 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2012.11.021
Wu, J., Zuidema, C., Gugerell, K., & de Roo, G. (2017). Mind the gap! Barriers and implementation deficiencies of energy policies at the local scale in urban China. Energy Policy, 106, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2017.03.057
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yusuf Fadhoni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
