Keberlanjutan Ekosistem Mangrove: Kajian Tentang Persepsi, Partisipasi, dan Kesediaan Membayar (Willingness to Pay) Masyarakat di Kabupaten Donggala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31629/akuatiklestari.v9i2.7722Keywords:
Kabupaten Donggala, Mangrove, Persepsi, Partisipasi, Willingness to Pay (WTP)Abstract
Saat ini keadaan hutan mangrove di sepanjang pesisir pantai Indonesia mengalami penurunan, sebagian besar rusak akibat aktivitas masyarakat untuk kebutuhan ekonomi. Kebutuhan dan ketergantungan sumber daya alam di kawasan pesisir yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan munculnya tekanan akibat aktivitas manusia. Upaya konservasi yang dilakukan sering kali menghadapi tantangan berupa rendahnya partisipasi dan kepedulian masyarakat maupun stakeholder yang terkait. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji persepsi masyarakat, menghitung willingness to pay (WTP), mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendorong masyarakat bersedia berpartisipasi dan berkontribusi menjaga keberadaan ekosistem mangrove. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan (kuesioner) yang diberikan kepada masyarakat di sekitar kawasan ekosistem mangrove. Jumlah responden penelitian sebanyak 78 responden tersebar di tiga kelurahan yaitu Kelurahan Kabonga Besar, Kabonga Kecil, dan Labuanbajo, Kecamatan Banawa, Kabupaten Donggala, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian menunjukkan tingkat persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan hutan mangrove berada pada kategori positif, dengan rata-rata indeks sebesar 79,17%, sementara tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan konservasi hutan mangrove menunjukkan rata-rata indeks sebesar 80,34%, yang termasuk kategori tinggi. Nilai rata-rata kesediaan membayar (WTP) responden tercatat sebesar Rp 5.256,41 dimana total WTP yang dihimpun dari seluruh responden adalah Rp 410.000 dimana nilai ekspektasi WTP mencerminkan kecenderungan umum responden dalam menilai manfaat program konservasi. Hasil analisis jalur (path analysis) pada model regresi pertama menunjukkan bahwa variabel umur, pendidikan, dan pendapatan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap WTP masyarakat, sedangkan variabel persepsi tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil analisis regresi sederhana pada model kedua memperlihatkan bahwa WTP berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap dukungan konservasi masyarakat.
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