Potential Traffic Accident Analysis of Bangkinang – Rantau Berangin Road at Riau Province, Indonesia

A traffic accident is an unexpected and unintentional event involving a vehicle with or without other road users, resulting in human casualties (minor injuries, serious injuries, and death) and property loss. In penel itian have taken vertebra way the segments road Bangkinang - Rantau Berangin KM 60 to KM 100 . This study aims for know se how much the level of traffic accidents in the area and for get The value of Accident Rate is Black Spot and Black Site on road Bangkinang-Rantau Berangin.The method used in this research is the Calculation Analysis method by identifying the Black Spot and Black Site based on the Accident Rate . The results of the analysis of data years 2014 - 2018 indicates that the segments road Bangkinang - Rantau Berangin can be identified value Accident rate which is Black Spot is the village of Pulau Gadang - Tanjung Alai with accident rate amounted to 2,069 and also the village of Tanjung Alai – Batu Bersurat with grades Accident rate amounted to 2,069. While for Accident rate against Black Site among others , namely the segment road Tanjung Alai – Batu Bersurat with Accident rate of 0.295 followed by the village of Pulau Gadang - Tanjung Alai is 0,258 and followed the village of Kuok - Village Lereng with Accident rate 0,240. From the analysis the researchers concluded that there are three locations which are the areas rawaan traffic accidents on roads Bangkinang - namely Rantau Berangin Village Tanjung Alai - Village Batu Bersurat , the village of Pulau Gadang Tanjung Alai and villages Kuok - Village Lereng .


Introduction
According to the data, there were 1.2 million fatalities and up to 50 million nonfatal casualties each year (WHO, 2008). It is equal to one victim in every six seconds. In Indonesia, 61% of traffic deaths happened to motorcycle rider or passenger (WHO, 2011). Even in small towns such as Kampar regency, the involvement of motorcyclists in fatal accident was almost 100% [1]. Fatal accident leads to sorrows and causes of loss in developmental resources, particularly in low to middle-income countries [2] This tendency is also occured in maritime sector [3]. Therefore, transportation safety is a continuous challenge for transport engineer due to high public expectation [3,4]. Thus, the United Nations declared the 2011-2035 Decade of Action (DoA) of Road Safety. The similar program was launched by the Indonesian Government, i.e. the 2011-2035 National Road Safety Master Plan (RUNK) for the same reason. Sumatra in Provinci Riau, Indonesia makes transportation become the most priority to accelerate economic relation [5].
The vehicle numbers are growth significantly by the populations (Malkamah, Siti, et.all : 1994).. Unfortunately, the growth is not balanced by the development of transportation facilities which results in traffic jam and accident. As time goes by, the number of accidents in Kampar regency is increased. This study aimed to find out the level of traffic accidents, the accident rate value (Black Spot and Black Site) of Bangkinang -Rantau Berangin, and the solutions. Matson (1985) stated that traffic accident loss can be classified namely fatal injuries, non-fatal injuries, and material damages. Then, it can be classified based on location namely rural and urban. Pignataro (1973) stated that accident is resulted by the combination of both drivers and pedestrians behavior, extreme weather and bad vision. Hambuger (1978) stated that accident is a traffic movement due to an error in the traffic system, whether the driver (human), vehicle, road, and the environment. An error can be measured as nonconformity of conduct or regulations [4,5].

Theoretical Background
Others founded that traffic accident can be happened by three factors: (a) humans (b) vehicles (c) encvironment [5]. Based on Law Number 22 of 2009, traffic accident is an unexpected and not intentional event caused by vehicles with or without other road users resulting in human casualties and/or property loss. Traffic accident is an incident on road traffic caused by a vehicle leading to injury, damage or loss to its owner or victim [6]. Technically, traffic accident can be defined as an event caused by many factors accidentally occurred based on Random Multy Factor Event [6,7].

Traffic Accident Factors
Traffic accident is mostly caused by sleepy drivers, as reported elsewhere [6]. It is likely be the cause of more than 20 to 30 percent of traffic accidents. Furthermore, driving fatigue has a major influence as a cause of traffic accident caused by drivers [6,7]. Other results also stated that the wide range of human behavior involved in motorcyclists leads to the urgent importance of human factor in road safety [8].
Furthermore, it is stated that the traffic accident reporting system is crucial for analyzing and preventing traffic accident in terms of engineering, education, and regulations. Traffic accident report should be made for all types involving death, injury or material loss. The causes of traffic accidents may also can be analyzed based on the multicasual approach which considers three factors namely human, vehicle, road/environment [9][10][11]. Oder stated that traffic accident can be a result of conflict between the driver and the environment, where the driver takes action to avoid an obstacle so that it is likely to cause traffic accident. Based on several studies, it can be concluded that traffic accidents are influenced human, vehicle, and road environment, as well as the interaction and combination of two or more of the factors mentioned above [12,13].

Traffic accident-prone areas
Black spot is an accident-prone point which can be seen from the accident data in a year. Black spot is usually associated with urban area where it can be identified with certainty and remains at a certain point [14]. Black site is an accident-prone section (road). Black site is usually found on roads outside the city where at certain ranges in this section often occur accidents. The black site range is usually more than 300 meters [14,15].

Accident rate per kilometer
Based on the road segment, the accident rate per kilometers may formulated by the equation 1 below [16]. ( 1 ) where : R = Accident rate per kilometer every year A = Total accident in a year. L = Length of road by kilometers (km).

Results and Discussions
Data of the traffic accident between the interest years (2014 to 2018), value of the total traffic accident, as well as traffic accident at the blackspot is presented on Table 1 to Table 3 below.

Traffic accident-prone areas
Based on the analysis, it can be resume as in the following description of the accident areas: a. Straight Road Based on the condition requirements of Bangkinang -Rantau Berangin road section with the class I arterial road type, the researchers conducted field observation. It was found that the road width is 6 meters, which is still less than the minimum requirement of 7 meters from the left and right side. Based on the geometric point of view, the road is below standard which can cause an accident. b. Settlement and market at Around the neighborhood, there are places of worship and markets. During peak hours from morning to evening, there are community activities which cause crowds and congestion in the area. The crowded situation makes the area has a higher frequency of traffic accident. The crowded situation can cause traffic accident from the driver and the environment, which oftenly caused by passengers get off in the area. The habit of motorcyclists stopping in this area is not paying attention to traffic sign. Objects or vehicles that suddenly stop will disturb the speed of other vehicles causing traffic accidents in the area. Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 presented the actual condition of the road.

Prevention and management of the traffic accident
The proposal of the prevention and management of the traffic accident are including: a. Observing for traffic sign lighting, especially at accident-prone areas. b. Installing traffic signs, road markings/zebra cross/and city arrangement as well as the road widening to meet the determined standards and speed limits in accident-prone areas. c. Installing safety fences and safety mirrors for road grades. d. Good cooperation with agencies related to traffic problems e. If the road is damaged or has holes in it, it should be repaired by the relevant agency so that the trip becomes safer and more comfortable to avoid accidents. f. On straight and grade roads, to reduce traffic accidents, it can be installed using speed limit signs, delineators, and if necessary, safety mirrors.

Education a. Providing counseling to the people in Kampar
Regency through mass media such as radio, billboards and so on. b. Making and installing banners to students and all levels of society. c. Making and installing banners to students and all levels of society.

The Influence of traffic polices
For authorized officers who are in the jurisdiction of the Kampar Police to always control the space and take action against motorcyclists who violate existing traffic laws and take strict and wise sanctions in accordance with existing regulations so as to create an orderly, safe, comfortable and in control traffic.

Conclusions
Based on the analysis, the level of traffic accidents on the Bangkinang -Rantau Berangin road was still high due to increasing number every year. Based on the accident rate value, it can be said that the level of traffic accident potential was high at a point or place where an accident occurs. A road segment can be said to be prone to having an accident Rate criterion of more than (0.003), so that the Bangkinang -Rantau Berangin road is prone to traffic accidents. At the area of Bangkinang -Rantau Berangin road, from seven areas, there were four accident-prone areas based on the black spot namely Pulau Gadang -Tanjung Alai and Tanjung Alai -Batu Bersurat with 2.069 accident rate, Kuok -Slope with 1.681 accident rate, and Salo -Kuok with 1.034 accident rate. Meanwhile, the accident rate based on the black site namely Tanjung Alai -Batu Besurat with 0.295 accident rate, followed by Pulau Gadang -Tanjung Alai of 0.258 and Kuok -Lereng of 0.240. Based on this study, as an input to the government and society to reduce or prevent traffic accident namely by paying more attention to traffic signs and obeying the rules so that the accident does not occur. For further study, the researcher recommended to study road characteristics and traffic accident solutions for the Bangkinang -Rantau Berangin road of Kampar Regency.